今天（13日），中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所与福建省地质调查研究院联合发布最新研究成果：通过对福建省政和动物群发现的侏罗纪鸟类化石的研究，发现全球最古老的鸟类之一——“政和八闽鸟”，也是迄今唯一确切的侏罗纪鸟类，揭示了现代鸟类的体型结构在侏罗纪晚期（距今1.5亿年）就已经出现，该研究将以尾综骨为代表的鸟类重要特征出现的时间提早了近2000万年。相关研究成果北京时间2月13日在《自然》发表。
我国发现全球最古老鸟类
——政和八闽鸟
该化石于2023年11月在政和大溪盆地发现，经过长达一年的室内修复和研究分析，研究团队确定了该化石属于鸟类，并将其命名为政和八闽鸟。
中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所研究员、科学探索奖获奖人王敏介绍，根据一些体重的测算公式，能估算出八闽鸟的体重在150克左右，“和一些小型的鹦鹉大小比较相近”。
王敏介绍，在整个化石标本所在的政和动物群，还发现了一些生活在水里或水边的动物，比如像鱼类、龟鳖类，“我认为这代表的是类似于沼泽的环境。”
△“政和八闽鸟”和“政和动物群”生态复原图。
虽然化石不完整，但是它保存了很多重要信息。例如具有分离的肩胛骨和乌喙骨，腰带骨骼显现出很多进步的特征。其中最重要、最特殊的地方就是具有愈合的尾综骨，这是构成现代鸟类体型的基石。
鸟类和其他爬行动物最显著的区别就是鸟类的尾巴很短，不但尾椎数目减少，而且最后几枚尾椎愈合成尾综骨结构，尾骨缩短是恐龙向鸟类演化中最彻底的形态变化之一。
△“政和八闽鸟”化石
该发现将鸟类起源时间
推至中侏罗晚期
据了解，目前全世界最古老的鸟类，比较公认的是德国发现的始祖鸟，它发现在侏罗纪时期，距今大概1.5亿年。然而始祖鸟的分类位置近期受到质疑，部分研究认为始祖鸟属于恐爪龙类，而非鸟类。
“政和八闽鸟”的发现首次揭示了现代鸟类的体型在侏罗纪就已经出现，并将鸟类起源时间推至中侏罗晚期，大约1.72亿至1.64亿年前，是目前最确切的且唯一的侏罗纪鸟类，极大地丰富了人类对鸟类进化历史的认识。
除了八闽鸟化石之外，王敏带领的研究团队还发现了一个单独保存的叉骨。初步的研究结果显示，该叉骨明显区别于政和八闽鸟，与出现于1.3亿年前白垩纪的今鸟型类非常相似。这一发现证实，至少两种鸟类生活在政和动物群，如果未来能证实该叉骨的确属于今鸟型类，那么鸟类起源的时间将会进一步提前。
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IFIA中文全称:世界发明家协会联合会，总部分别位于瑞士日内瓦和美国旧金山，2024年2月经IFIA第47届全球执委会审议通过上海韵通信息科技有限公司【征贤令】加入其组织，详见IFIA官网公示：
https://www.ifia.com/ifia-47th-executive-committee-meeting-held-on-feb-2024/
本公司旗下招聘平台将于2025年2月1日 起正式启动收费服务，详情参阅：
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当前我们正面向国际组织高层次人才线上线下专场招聘会，活动详见征贤令®国际高层次人才招聘活动行程计划公众号推文：
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征贤令®常年面向全球大量招聘海外高层次人才及创新人才，详见公众号介绍：
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关于创立发起国际HRD（HR）联盟邀请函，详见公众号介绍：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/fdg6QB82KAJCeTi0VZVZKQ
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Today (February 13th), the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Fujian Institute of Geological Survey jointly released the latest research findings: Through the study of Jurassic bird fossils discovered in the Zhenghe Fauna in Fujian Province, one of the world's oldest birds, Baminia zhengheensis, was discovered. It is also the only confirmed Jurassic bird to date. This discovery reveals that the body structure of modern birds had emerged in the Late Jurassic (150 million years ago). This research has advanced the appearance time of important bird characteristics represented by the pygostyle by nearly 20 million years. The relevant research findings were published in Nature at 13:00 Beijing time on February 13th.
The World's Oldest Bird Discovered in China - Baminia zhengheensis
The fossil was discovered in the Zhenghe Daxi Basin in November 2023. After a year of indoor restoration, research, and analysis, the research team determined that the fossil belonged to a bird and named it Baminia zhengheensis.
Wang Min, a researcher at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a winner of the Science Exploration Award, introduced that according to some body weight calculation formulas, the weight of Baminia zhengheensis was estimated to be around 150 grams, similar in size to some small parrots.
Wang Min introduced that in the entire Zhenghe Fauna where the fossil specimen was located, some animals living in or near water were also discovered, such as fish, turtles, etc. I think this represents an environment similar to a swamp.
△Ecological restoration pictures of Baminia zhengheensis and the Zhenghe Fauna.
Although the fossil is incomplete, it preserves a lot of important information. For example, it has a separate scapula and coracoid, and the pelvic girdle bones show many advanced characteristics. The most important and special part is that it has a fused pygostyle, which is the cornerstone of the body shape of modern birds.
The most significant difference between birds and other reptiles is that birds have a very short tail. Not only the number of caudal vertebrae is reduced, but also the last few caudal vertebrae are fused into a pygostyle structure. The shortening of the tail bone is one of the most complete morphological changes in the evolution from dinosaurs to birds.
△Fossil of Baminia zhengheensis
This Discovery Pushes the Origin Time of Birds to the Late Middle Jurassic
It is known that the world's currently most recognized oldest bird is Archaeopteryx discovered in Germany. It was found in the Jurassic period, approximately 150 million years ago. However, the taxonomic position of Archaeopteryx has been questioned recently. Some studies suggest that Archaeopteryx belongs to the Deinonychosauria, not birds.
The discovery of Baminia zhengheensis reveals for the first time that the body shape of modern birds had emerged in the Jurassic period, and pushes the origin time of birds to the Late Middle Jurassic, about 172 to 164 million years ago. It is the most definite and only Jurassic bird to date, greatly enriching human understanding of the evolutionary history of birds.
In addition to the fossil of Baminia zhengheensis, the research team led by Wang Min also discovered an independently preserved furcula. Preliminary research results show that this furcula is significantly different from that of Baminia zhengheensis and is very similar to the Ornithuromorpha that appeared in the Cretaceous period 130 million years ago. This discovery confirms that at least two species of birds lived in the Zhenghe Fauna. If it can be confirmed in the future that this furcula indeed belongs to the Ornithuromorpha, then the origin time of birds will be further advanced.
Regarding Zhengxianling - China's first pan - international talent recruitment platform
Zhengxianling is developed and operated by Shanghai Yuntong Information Technology Co., Ltd. The company mainly provides international services such as talent job-seeking and recruitment, recruitment and introduction of high-level talents / science and technology innovation-related talents (Overseas Excellent Young Talents, Qiming Plan, online and offline job fairs, campus recruitment, social recruitment, online recruitment, headhunting, etc.), academic exchanges, and software development. In due time, we will launch language platforms and APPs in AI English, Korean, Japanese, French, German, etc. to meet the needs of global users. Up to now, the company has established communication channels with national ministries and commissions such as the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Science and Technology, talent offices of the Organization Departments of some provincial and municipal Party committees, departments of human resources and social security, industry and information technology, science and technology, trade unions, chambers of commerce, academic societies, associations, 985 and 211 universities in various regions across the country, HRs of some enterprises, the International Academician Consortium, the United Nations Science and Technology Commission WDTA, and some international institutions in countries such as Russia, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, New Zealand, Australia, the Netherlands, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, the United States, Canada, and QS World's top 100 universities (MIT, Oxford, the University of Melbourne...).
Service items are as follows:
A. Recruitment and introduction of international high-level / science and technology innovation-related talents (doctors, post-doctors, academicians) (online and offline job fairs, campus recruitment, social recruitment, online recruitment, headhunting, etc.), overseas enterprise study tours, academic exchanges, and software development.
B. Operation of Zhengxianling® (The types of talents on the platform and official account are not limited).
Service-supported regions:
China, South Korea, Japan, Russia, Singapore, New Zealand, Australia, the Netherlands, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Hungary, Italy, the United States, Canada, etc. (covering more than 100 countries and regions).
Main service content: Online and offline special high-level talent job fairs for cities, parks, and employers, talent-introduction activities related to science and technology innovation (project solicitation, screening, roadshow... implementation, etc.), investment promotion, academic exchange conferences, online job-seeking and recruitment, and offline services are available in the above-mentioned designated countries.
In the past 2024, we have successively joined the Hubei Chushang Federation in China and the World Federation of Inventors' Associations [IFIA], and have established the grand goal of building Zhengxianling into China's first pan-international talent recruitment platform (Language platforms and APPs in AI English, Korean, Japanese, French, German, etc. will be launched in due time. The establishment of the International HRD (HR) Alliance is in progress), and in the future, it will serve billions of users in more than 200 countries around the world. As of December 31, 2024, we have received a reply from the chairman of the United Nations Science and Technology Commission WDTA, welcoming Yuntong Technology and Zhengxianling to join the cooperation of the United Nations Science and Technology Commission WDTA in 2025. Starting from 2025, we will cooperate with the International Academician Consortium and may participate in activities such as the FCPAE European Forum to facilitate international talent exchanges and cooperation, thereby promoting scientific and technological innovation, driving employment, serving global economic construction, and promoting friendly cross-border cooperation to create a better future. Thus, we can better serve users from all over the world.
The Chinese full name of IFIA: World Federation of Inventors' Associations. Its headquarters are located in Geneva, Switzerland, and San Francisco, the United States. In February 2024, after being reviewed and approved by the 47th Global Executive Committee of IFIA, Shanghai Yuntong Information Technology Co., Ltd. [Zhengxianling] joined the organization. For details, please refer to the official website of IFIA:
https://www.ifia.com/ifia-47th-executive-committee-meeting-held-on-feb-2024/
Our company's recruitment platform will officially launch a paid service starting from February 1, 2025. For details, please refer to:
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/YmOxE1snwAAvskZgwm5RxA
Currently, we are organizing online and offline special job fairs for high-level talents of international organizations. For details of the event, please refer to the push article on the schedule plan of the international high-level talent recruitment activities of Zhengxianling®:
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/UGfNhxHRoIs1KZF7Thsfxg
Zhengxianling® recruits a large number of overseas high-level talents and innovative talents all year round. For details, please refer to the official account introduction:
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/8YaCD8xaXiDeC93a1foUKQ
Regarding the invitation letter for the initiation of the International HRD (HR) Alliance, please refer to the official account introduction:
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/fdg6QB82KAJCeTi0VZVZKQ
We welcome HRs of employers from all over the world, heads of universities and research institutes, academic leaders, young doctors / post-doctors / academicians and other talents to contact us or register to join our platform，The talents we recruit will be preferentially recommended to work in universities, research institutions and other units in China or various countries around the world.
